Gut health is determined in large part by the composition of microorganisms in the gut microbiome. Different bacterial species, often found in the microbiome, are associated with various health effects in the human body — both good and bad.
Microbial activity in the gut can increase the bioavailability of phytochemicals, which are plant metabolites associated with health benefits in the human body. A high diversity in the gut microbiome leads to positive health benefits, while low diversity can lead to negative or poor health benefits. Additionally, balance in the gut’s inflammatory responses may mirror balance of the microbiome.
As part of the gut microbiome, bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), like butyrate, that act as an energy source for the cells of the GI tract. Gut bacteria also positively influence health by interacting with bile acids. Bile acids are an important component of bile, and they play a role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients consumed via food in the diet. A diverse gut microbiome can support more effcient digestion and absorption of nutrients in this way.
